SpeedTree wind effect can scale widely. That is, they can be off, simple, or very complex (as in 400+ instruction vertex shaders). As such, users should take great care about when to scale up and by how much.

For each tree in the Compiler application, users can tune the wind LOD. As long as smooth LOD is enabled (the Effect LOD dialog option per tree), the Compiler will generate shaders that smoothly transition between wind effects so there will be no noticeable pop. There are four options:

• Full: Use every wind effect as specified in the Modeler application. This can often be tremendously expensive and should be used with caution, as the full wind effect is often used in cinematic applications and can add several hundred instructions to a vertex shader. See the section below on tuning parameters available in the Modeler.

• Branch: Removes the bulk of the expensive wind effects, namely all leaf- and frond-based effects. Branches will continue to sway.

• Global: The simplest possible rocking back and forth of the entire tree model. This is also effective for billboards in the distance when only a slight motion is needed.

• None: Wind is completely inactive.

For wind LOD, go to global or no wind as soon as possible. We have found that for trees will full wind, going from full in the highest LOD to global in the next works very well in terms of performance and perception. For smaller models like shrubs and bushes, going to no wind as soon as possible is also recommended since when rendered very small, wind effects are difficult to perceive.

To A/B test the overall impact wind computations are having on your scene, you easily disable all wind effects my unchecking “Enable wind” in the Compiler→Effects options.

Within the Modeler application, there are several controls that can be used to enable or disable particular wind effects. Each of these options may represent a significant jump in the vertex shader instruction counts, so they should be carefully tuned. Access them by clicking on the 3D fan icon in the Modeler. These options appear throughout the property bar:

• Global Motion→Enabled: Global motion is the side-to-side swaying of the whole tree based on its height. This effect requires no extra per-vertex data.

• Global Motion→Preserve shape: This option corrects the skewing associated with strict side-to-side global motion. It results in more natural motion over long throws (particularly noticeable on tall trees) at the expense of a normalize() and a length() call in the vertex shader.

• Branch Motion→Level N→Style: Options include “Disabled”, “Simple”, “Directional”, and “Directional (palm frond style)”. These styles are listed in order of performance from fastest to slowest. Each level adds a new component to the oscillating behavior of the branches, requiring more shader instructions. “Simple” is often enough when wind direction indication does not play a critical in the application.

• Branch Motion→Level N→Oscillation Style: The “Basic” setting performs a simple, approximated sinusoidal oscillation. The “Swaying” option simulates a more realistic, erratic branch motion at the expense of extra shader instructions.

• Branch Motion→Rolling→Enabled: Options include “None”, “Level 1”, “Level 2”, and “Both”. These options are listed in order of performance from fastest to slowest. Each branch level that has rolling enabled utilizes an approximated sinusoidal wave to simulate waves of wind traveling through the model at the expense of extra shader instructions.

• Leaf Motion→Enabled: This option enables leaf wind. Leaf wind is always computed on top of branch wind for any model that has branch wind enabled.

• Leaf Motion→Ripple N→Style: Options include “None”, “Vertex normal”, and “Computed”, listed in performance order from fastest to slowest. When using the “Vertex normal” option, leaf vertices oscillate along their vertex normal, requiring no extra per-vertex data. The “Computed” option requires the oscillation vector (packed into a single float) be uploaded with each vertex and is therefore slower. This option should be limited to use with two-sided meshes (e.g., palm fronds with distinct tops and bottoms) or specialized meshes such as Spanish moss.

• Leaf Motion→Tumble N→Enabled: This option enables leaf meshes to rotate around arbitrary axes during the wind simulation. This is the most expensive wind effect by far (two matrix constructions and several vector/matrix multiplies highlight the list of additional instructions) and is tailored for use with models that model leaves individually or in small clusters. Use of this wind style should be restricted to “Hero” trees or at least to trees where the effect is prominent.

• Leaf Motion→Tumble N→Twitch→Enabled: Available only when tumbling is active, this option simulates the random, unpredictable oscillations of small leaves in windy conditions. It piggy backs on the existing tumbling calls for the motion but adds a sinusoidal approximation and a pow( ) call to the shaders.

• Leaf Motion→Tumble N→Roll→Enabled: When enabled, this option utilizes an approximated sinusoidal wave to simulate waves of wind traveling through the model at the expense of extra shader instructions.

• Leaf Motion→Occlusion N→Enabled: When enabled, a dot product and a lerp operation is used to scale back the wind effect on the leeward side of the model. This is not an expensive effect and applies to both rippling and tumbling with the same calculation.

• Frond Motion→Ripple→Style: Options include “None”, “One-sided”, and “Two-sided”, listed in order of performance from fastest to slowest. “One-sided” rippling requires no extra per-vertex data and ripples each vertex along its normal. “Two-sided” rippling requires a ripple direction (packed into a single float) be uploaded for each vertex. This style should be restricted for use with two-sided geometry such as palm fronds with distinct tops and bottoms.

• Rolling Wind→Enabled: A very important effect for grass and more subtle for trees, this is a fairly expensive effect. It can add 100 instructions to full-effect leaf wind vertex shaders and about 30 to full-effect branch wind shaders.